Thursday, 10 November 2011
Tuesday, 1 November 2011
LIFE CYCLE OF FILM INDUSTRY
Film making is usually done in six stages.
STAGE 1
DEVELOPMENT
This is seen as the most important stage, because without this the film can not go any further. This stage is also know as the starting point becasue this is where the name of the film is reviewed. During this stage is when the idea of the film is brought forward. This nornmally involves the screenwriter, along side other cast and crew members. During this stage a pitch will be written to tell all about the story/film.
Projects in this stage can languish for months, year, or fall apart completely.
STAGE 2
PRE-PRODUCTION
This stage is where the storyboard is done, script writing, booking actors, schedualing, booking location, sort out the equipment and many more. This is the stage where you spend a bit of money. At his stage, finalizing preparations for production go into effect. The confirmation of some key elements such as principal cast mambers will be done at this stage.
During pre-production, the script is broken down into individual scenes and all the locations, props, cast members, costumes, special effects and visual effects are identified. An extremely detailed schedule is produced and arrangements are made for the necessary elements to be available to the film-makers at the appropriate times. At some point in pre-production there will be a read through of the script which is usually attended by all cast members with speaking parts, the director, all heads of departments, financiers, producers, and publicists.
STAGE 3
PRODUCTION
This is the stage that most film makers love because that's where the filming is sone, meaning going out to shoot the film. This is also defined as the process of capturing moving images or videography. This process can also take a long time, depending on how the team cooparates.
STAGE 4
POST-PRODUCTION
This stage is where the editing is done, putting sound tracks and special effects is any are required and in some movies this can take longer than the Porduction process for example "the movie 300 took 2years to be fully edited".
Post-production is, in fact, many different processes grouped under one name. These typically include
DISTRIBUTION & MARKET
At this stage the film is send out to the world so that the people can see. As with all business it is an important part of any release because of the inherent high financial risk. Film studios will invest in expensive marketing campaigns to maximize revenue early in the release cycle. At this stage adtvertising is done. Most film budgets will be ranging from 200 to 250 million US Dollars and because of pirace these days they have to go for a global release. Their promotion on distribution can go through a variety of channels. Target audience are the centarl to choose which channel you can use. The major channels are newspapers, magazines, billboards, television, cinemas, internet and undergrounds.
STAGE 6
EXHIBITION
This is the type of cinemas the film is shown (mm / ah), how long it will be shown. There is also a special exhibition type for example IMAX. They also compare the success of the movie compared to the DvD's.
STAGE 1
DEVELOPMENT
This is seen as the most important stage, because without this the film can not go any further. This stage is also know as the starting point becasue this is where the name of the film is reviewed. During this stage is when the idea of the film is brought forward. This nornmally involves the screenwriter, along side other cast and crew members. During this stage a pitch will be written to tell all about the story/film.
Projects in this stage can languish for months, year, or fall apart completely.
STAGE 2
PRE-PRODUCTION
This stage is where the storyboard is done, script writing, booking actors, schedualing, booking location, sort out the equipment and many more. This is the stage where you spend a bit of money. At his stage, finalizing preparations for production go into effect. The confirmation of some key elements such as principal cast mambers will be done at this stage.
During pre-production, the script is broken down into individual scenes and all the locations, props, cast members, costumes, special effects and visual effects are identified. An extremely detailed schedule is produced and arrangements are made for the necessary elements to be available to the film-makers at the appropriate times. At some point in pre-production there will be a read through of the script which is usually attended by all cast members with speaking parts, the director, all heads of departments, financiers, producers, and publicists.
STAGE 3
PRODUCTION
This is the stage that most film makers love because that's where the filming is sone, meaning going out to shoot the film. This is also defined as the process of capturing moving images or videography. This process can also take a long time, depending on how the team cooparates.
STAGE 4
POST-PRODUCTION
This stage is where the editing is done, putting sound tracks and special effects is any are required and in some movies this can take longer than the Porduction process for example "the movie 300 took 2years to be fully edited".
Post-production is, in fact, many different processes grouped under one name. These typically include
- Video Editing
- Writting, Recording and Editing the Sound Track
- Adding Visual Special Effects (mainly computer-generated imagery) C.G.I
- Soung Design & Sound Effects
- Transformation of Colour
DISTRIBUTION & MARKET
At this stage the film is send out to the world so that the people can see. As with all business it is an important part of any release because of the inherent high financial risk. Film studios will invest in expensive marketing campaigns to maximize revenue early in the release cycle. At this stage adtvertising is done. Most film budgets will be ranging from 200 to 250 million US Dollars and because of pirace these days they have to go for a global release. Their promotion on distribution can go through a variety of channels. Target audience are the centarl to choose which channel you can use. The major channels are newspapers, magazines, billboards, television, cinemas, internet and undergrounds.
STAGE 6
EXHIBITION
This is the type of cinemas the film is shown (mm / ah), how long it will be shown. There is also a special exhibition type for example IMAX. They also compare the success of the movie compared to the DvD's.
Thursday, 13 October 2011
PRIMEVAL
HOW GENDER IS REPRESENTED THROUGH OUT THE EXTRACT
In this extract the director have used different components to represent gender through out the extract and the first one l'm going to look at is "MISE-EN-SCENE".
As the extract begins, it's outside and we are introduced to two characters that are sitting outside under a shade and one of this two characters is a female who is dressed in a black costume and a trousers, which is untypical to female actors, we normally see man dressed as she is.
Soon after that we see the same female character controlling a very big machine, this is untypical aswell and as she is told to stop there is a male character who have been picking wood who saw a dead body and this is also not typical to how man are normally presented, normally it is the other way round, man controlling a big machine and woman on the ground picking up wood.
As the man was trying to look at the dead person, a Saber tooth tiger came wanting to attack the him and then he jumped into the hole that was being dug while the female character in the digging truck starts it and start swaving trying to hit the saber tooth tiger to save his life and this is very rare to see in such movies, it's untypical to see woman doing this. The man runs away shouting "come on" this is not typical aswell, man normally stand up and try to fight whatever it is, while woman are the ones that normally run away. Despite of the man running away, she follows where he was and shot the saber tooth tiger as it was about to kill him and he was shocked, this is untypical for a woman to be running after a saber tooth tiger trying to save the life of the man. After the fight as she walks with the other three man she walks just like the other man and the difference is hardly seen except her hair and this is also not typical to woman.
Mr Wastern's costume is typical to most male farmers and the barn they were in. Mr Wastern have got a gun to protect himself and many male farmers have guns aswell. The woman in a white court in the same barn is typically dressed like a female and as she was pushed down she shows no power like all other woman, looking vulnerable on the grass and the farmer looking dominant, backed up with the dogs that were bucking and this is typical to most male farmers as they have their dogs protecting them aswell.
Towards the end of the extract we see the woman we saw at the beginning in black asking if the other woman is fine and also about the saber tooth tiger, which is untypical to woman, as much as they were man, they are the ones that normally ask and check if everything is fine.
Secondly looking at "CAMERA WORKS / CINEMATOGRAPHY". As the extract starts there is a two shot where two people are talking and then there is a long shot to show the people sitting under the shade and this was used for the audience to be able to see how she is dressed and it will give them an idea of how she might be like. After that we have another long shot which was used so that the audience will be able to see the size of the big truck she was driving and a mid shot for the man who was picking up wood and the actions that the director wanted the audience to see are untypical to the gender that was doing it, it should be the other was round.
As the man was in the hole, a low angle was used so that the audince can see how vulnerable he was and also a close up for the saber tooth tiger to see how angry it was. As the tiger was distructed by the female character in the big machine, the guy starts running away and a long shot was used for the audience to be able to see where he is going, and a high angle was used to show him clumbing the tree. Soon after that there is another long shot used to show the woman in black running after the saber tooth tiger and this is untypical for a female to be holding such a big gun running after this kind of monster, and as she shot it with the gun a mid close up of the man was used to show the shock he was in as he was looking at her.
Mr Wastern's costume is typical to most male farmers and the barn they were in. Mr Wastern have got a gun to protect himself and many male farmers have guns aswell. The woman in a white court in the same barn is typically dressed like a female and as she was pushed down she shows no power like all other woman, looking vulnerable on the grass and the farmer looking dominant, backed up with the dogs that were bucking and this is typical to most male farmers as they have their dogs protecting them aswell.
Towards the end of the extract we see the woman we saw at the beginning in black asking if the other woman is fine and also about the saber tooth tiger, which is untypical to woman, as much as they were man, they are the ones that normally ask and check if everything is fine.
Secondly looking at "CAMERA WORKS / CINEMATOGRAPHY". As the extract starts there is a two shot where two people are talking and then there is a long shot to show the people sitting under the shade and this was used for the audience to be able to see how she is dressed and it will give them an idea of how she might be like. After that we have another long shot which was used so that the audience will be able to see the size of the big truck she was driving and a mid shot for the man who was picking up wood and the actions that the director wanted the audience to see are untypical to the gender that was doing it, it should be the other was round.
As the man was in the hole, a low angle was used so that the audince can see how vulnerable he was and also a close up for the saber tooth tiger to see how angry it was. As the tiger was distructed by the female character in the big machine, the guy starts running away and a long shot was used for the audience to be able to see where he is going, and a high angle was used to show him clumbing the tree. Soon after that there is another long shot used to show the woman in black running after the saber tooth tiger and this is untypical for a female to be holding such a big gun running after this kind of monster, and as she shot it with the gun a mid close up of the man was used to show the shock he was in as he was looking at her.
After that scene, there was a new one and a two shot was used and this was for the audience to compare the male in a black suit and the female in a black jacket of which they look almost alike mainly because of the way the female carries herself and dresses.
Straight up in the ban a close up of the farmer breeding dogs was used and this was for the audience to see how rough his face is and it's typical to male farmers. On the same scene we see the farmer holding a gun and a mid shot was used to show the woman in the white court lying down and this was to show her vulnerability. As she was down, the director used a wide shot to show the whole team and the woman in the black jacket asked if the other one was alright and also about the saber tooth tiger, which is untypical for woman to do such a thing.
The editing of this was continuity editing through out, and was slow paced at first but as the action builds up, the pace of the editing builds up as well.
When it comes to sound, the only thing that helped construct the represented of gender was the dialogue.
Straight up in the ban a close up of the farmer breeding dogs was used and this was for the audience to see how rough his face is and it's typical to male farmers. On the same scene we see the farmer holding a gun and a mid shot was used to show the woman in the white court lying down and this was to show her vulnerability. As she was down, the director used a wide shot to show the whole team and the woman in the black jacket asked if the other one was alright and also about the saber tooth tiger, which is untypical for woman to do such a thing.
The editing of this was continuity editing through out, and was slow paced at first but as the action builds up, the pace of the editing builds up as well.
When it comes to sound, the only thing that helped construct the represented of gender was the dialogue.
Thursday, 29 September 2011
SOUND ANALYSIS
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=auSAGvpM7W8&feature=youtu.be
As the extract begins, we have "ambient sound" of the flat which is very quiet. In the beginning minutes of the exctract there is no any form of soung except the "dialogue", which creates awkwardness.
The voices are quiet weak and the dialogue is not long, they do not finish their lines and this creates the pregnant awkwardness mood. The locking of the door makes the boy look anxious and more unfinished sentences add awkwardness.
Outside in the van the "diegetic sound" that plays on the radio is "asynchronous", it do not match the mood he is in, so he turns it off.
A "sound bridge" is used when the track starts in the car and bridges over to the bedroom and it's used to cross from the father's anxiousness in the car to the scene that is happening in the bedroom.
The type of the sound track used is sad and depressing, creating the sense on sorrow. A "harmonica" was used to play the sad music.
As the extract begins, we have "ambient sound" of the flat which is very quiet. In the beginning minutes of the exctract there is no any form of soung except the "dialogue", which creates awkwardness.
The voices are quiet weak and the dialogue is not long, they do not finish their lines and this creates the pregnant awkwardness mood. The locking of the door makes the boy look anxious and more unfinished sentences add awkwardness.
Outside in the van the "diegetic sound" that plays on the radio is "asynchronous", it do not match the mood he is in, so he turns it off.
A "sound bridge" is used when the track starts in the car and bridges over to the bedroom and it's used to cross from the father's anxiousness in the car to the scene that is happening in the bedroom.
The type of the sound track used is sad and depressing, creating the sense on sorrow. A "harmonica" was used to play the sad music.
EDITING ANALYSIS
HOW EDITING HELPS TO CONSTRUST DISABILITY
In this extract there is a lot of "continuity editing" which is typical for such an extract.
As soon as they got in the house "eyeline match" is used as the girl looks down on the boy and also his dad and then he told the dad to get the envelope, and this creates awkwardness as she want to get paid for what was about to happen. The "Iong take" of the dad looking for the envelope increases the sence of awkwardness.
As the dad picks up his son from the wheelchair, an "eyeline match" is used even when the boy is put on the bed. When the girl returns to the bedroom an "eyeline match" is used and adds for awkwardness as the dad was try to show his t-shirt.
When the girl was locking the door, a "shot reverse shot" is used while the boy was on the bed and this creates his vulnerability and he does'nt want him to lock the door so the "shot reverse shot" showed the relationship between the locking of the door and his anxietyof being separated from the dad.
The "pace" of the extract have been slowed down to generate the feeling of anxiety and it also creates more awkwardness as they are long takes. "180 degree" rule have also been mantained through out his whole extract to keep the continuity editing.
The "eyeline match" for the dad in the car shows his protectiveness as he looks at the flt window upstairs and he is also uncomfortable. The dad is also very anxious as it is highlighted with his fidgeting shown by the"jump cuts". "Cross cutting" is also used as they doing their thing in bedroom and the dad in the car, so this shows us what's going on simultaneously. The editing is "privileging" the master shot when they are all on the bed together, as it keeps on appearing.
Monday, 26 September 2011
CAMERA WORK / CINEMATOGRAPHY ANALYSIS
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qTQDipfN8JA&feature=player_embedded
Straight up as the extract starts we have a "dolly shot" which is used so that the camera can move along with the characters. This dolly shot also allows us to see some parts of the location, which is important for it will give the audience a small idea of where they are or maybe where they are going.
As we move along we have a "long shot", which is used to introduce Amy into the extract and this allowed us to see her whole body structure as she comes out of the house. At this stage the camera "pans" following Amy as she walks though the court yard. As Amy was talking to the older boy in the court yard an "over the shoulder shot" was used and as she grabs the car keys a "mid shot" is used. When Amy was about to move off the camera "dollies" on her as she was in the car and changes to a "close up" which emphasised her uncertainty and confusion of not knowing how to drive.
After the accident happened a "wide shot" was used for us to see the scene well. On the same scene a "mid shot" was used for us to see the headmaster as he is introduce into the extract. Still on the same scene the camera starts to "pan" as the older boy was shocked that Amy was 16years old and this also made her look more venerable as the camera looked down on her. As she was hugged a "two shot" is used.
As they get into the office a "long shot" is used to establish the new location and this is an advantage to the audience for they will know where they are and where the scene is taking place. As they talk in the office and the headmaster is given brandy, the audience are placed into Amy's shoes as a "low angle shot" is used, this angle is used again as Amy was being told off, to show that she had no power at the moment in time and it was also used to show that the man had more power, he was the authoritative figure. At the point Amy was being told off, a "wide shot" was used to establish the new location.
As the audience were taken to the new location which was the bedroom, a "mid shot" was used at the beginning and then the camera starts to "pan" down straight after, as it reviewed the goodbye note and then "pans" again to review the teddy bear, and then the camera "tilts" to review Amy with her backpack.
As the old woman was looking for Amy, the camera "tilts" from the outside to show the window way and it bring an ideology that she did not leave the house through the door. As soon as the woman realised that Amy was gone a "mid shot" was used to show the emotions on her face.
Straight up as the extract starts we have a "dolly shot" which is used so that the camera can move along with the characters. This dolly shot also allows us to see some parts of the location, which is important for it will give the audience a small idea of where they are or maybe where they are going.
As we move along we have a "long shot", which is used to introduce Amy into the extract and this allowed us to see her whole body structure as she comes out of the house. At this stage the camera "pans" following Amy as she walks though the court yard. As Amy was talking to the older boy in the court yard an "over the shoulder shot" was used and as she grabs the car keys a "mid shot" is used. When Amy was about to move off the camera "dollies" on her as she was in the car and changes to a "close up" which emphasised her uncertainty and confusion of not knowing how to drive.
After the accident happened a "wide shot" was used for us to see the scene well. On the same scene a "mid shot" was used for us to see the headmaster as he is introduce into the extract. Still on the same scene the camera starts to "pan" as the older boy was shocked that Amy was 16years old and this also made her look more venerable as the camera looked down on her. As she was hugged a "two shot" is used.
As they get into the office a "long shot" is used to establish the new location and this is an advantage to the audience for they will know where they are and where the scene is taking place. As they talk in the office and the headmaster is given brandy, the audience are placed into Amy's shoes as a "low angle shot" is used, this angle is used again as Amy was being told off, to show that she had no power at the moment in time and it was also used to show that the man had more power, he was the authoritative figure. At the point Amy was being told off, a "wide shot" was used to establish the new location.
As the audience were taken to the new location which was the bedroom, a "mid shot" was used at the beginning and then the camera starts to "pan" down straight after, as it reviewed the goodbye note and then "pans" again to review the teddy bear, and then the camera "tilts" to review Amy with her backpack.
As the old woman was looking for Amy, the camera "tilts" from the outside to show the window way and it bring an ideology that she did not leave the house through the door. As soon as the woman realised that Amy was gone a "mid shot" was used to show the emotions on her face.
MISE-EN-SCENE ANALYSIS
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qTQDipfN8JA&feature=player_embedded
How the Mise-en-scene help construct the representation of age.
As the movie sequence start we see people holding farming tool (props), which are normally used by older people and also the work suits (costume) they are putting on suggests that they are older people. As we follow the sequence we are introduced to Amy who is wearing colourful casual clothes (costume) which also suggest her youthful age. As soon as Amy is introduced, she lied about knowing how to drive after she was asked and as she gets in the car she is confused as shown by her body language and starts mumbling about the gears, this shows her youthful age as well as that's what is typical to most teenagers, they lie as they are so eager to drive at a young age.
After they accident happened, we are introduced to the headmaster whose car was involved in the accident as well and he looks porch, his costume is carefully chosen but it is the old fashioned smart way, which suggests that he is quiet a grown man. The beard and the grey hair also shows how old the headmaster is. Still at the accident location Amy runs to the older boy's arms after she crashed, showing that she is still a young person, child like reaction.
As the extract continues we are taken into an old school style designed office, it's all woody and the design shows it's for old people rather that young people, as young people would prefer something more technological and stylish. The headmaster is offered BRANDY which is an expensive drink that old people drink and also suggest that these two people are both old.
The man who gave Amy car keys is also presented acting as an authoritative figure, waging his finger and this shows that he is older and also shows how young Amy is. After Amy was given a lecture, she shouts " l hate you" and starts to run away and showing that child like behaviour shows that she is a young girl.
At the last scene when Amy appeared, we are shown the magazines she had which are for young people, writing and putting hearts and the child like room and all this contributes to the representation of Amy's young age.
How the Mise-en-scene help construct the representation of age.
As the movie sequence start we see people holding farming tool (props), which are normally used by older people and also the work suits (costume) they are putting on suggests that they are older people. As we follow the sequence we are introduced to Amy who is wearing colourful casual clothes (costume) which also suggest her youthful age. As soon as Amy is introduced, she lied about knowing how to drive after she was asked and as she gets in the car she is confused as shown by her body language and starts mumbling about the gears, this shows her youthful age as well as that's what is typical to most teenagers, they lie as they are so eager to drive at a young age.
After they accident happened, we are introduced to the headmaster whose car was involved in the accident as well and he looks porch, his costume is carefully chosen but it is the old fashioned smart way, which suggests that he is quiet a grown man. The beard and the grey hair also shows how old the headmaster is. Still at the accident location Amy runs to the older boy's arms after she crashed, showing that she is still a young person, child like reaction.
As the extract continues we are taken into an old school style designed office, it's all woody and the design shows it's for old people rather that young people, as young people would prefer something more technological and stylish. The headmaster is offered BRANDY which is an expensive drink that old people drink and also suggest that these two people are both old.
The man who gave Amy car keys is also presented acting as an authoritative figure, waging his finger and this shows that he is older and also shows how young Amy is. After Amy was given a lecture, she shouts " l hate you" and starts to run away and showing that child like behaviour shows that she is a young girl.
At the last scene when Amy appeared, we are shown the magazines she had which are for young people, writing and putting hearts and the child like room and all this contributes to the representation of Amy's young age.
Thursday, 15 September 2011
MEDIA STUDIES - "Key Concept"
It is a combination of the main media concepts which are Media Language, Representation, Audience and Institutions.
*THE FOUR MAIN KEY CONCEPTS*
"MEDIA LANGUAGE" - Media language can be broken down into four main technical aspects which are "Cinematography", "Editing", "Sound" and "Mise-en-scene". These four main technical aspects can also be broken down into several aspects.
"Cinematography" - This aspects can be divided into four different parts which l normally call "AMPS" which makes it easier to remember them all, meaning
* ANGLES - examples (a) high angle (b) low angle (c) eye level
*MOVEMENTS - examples (a) panning (b) tracking (c) cranes
*POSITIONS
*SHOTS - examples (a) long shot (b) birds eye view shot (c) close up shot
"Editing" - This can also be divided into a number of aspects (a) Fast purse editing (b) Special effects (c) Slow purse editing.
"Sound" - Under sound comes (a) diegetic sound (b) non diegetic sound
"Mise-en-scene" - This involves everything infront of the camera that is also in the frame for example
(a) location (b) props (c) costume
"REPRESENTATION" - Representation covers a lot of things and some of them are (a) Age (b) Gender (c) Ethnicity (d) Sexuality (e) Religional Identity (f) Ability / disability (g) Class / Social status
- The representation that is shown in films and other videos is not always true, some of it is "STERIOTYPE" for example after the 2011 Police Riots and Looting, youth from certain areas are now seen as antisocial and gang members, mainly from Packham, Woolwich and some areas of Birmingham and this is not always true because they are many people from such areas that are innocent.
"AUDIENCE" - Audiences are very important in media becuase they are the onces who see the products that will be produced, it might be a movie, music video, news or even dance video. Audiences can also be categorised or split into many parts which are:
*THE FOUR MAIN KEY CONCEPTS*
"MEDIA LANGUAGE" - Media language can be broken down into four main technical aspects which are "Cinematography", "Editing", "Sound" and "Mise-en-scene". These four main technical aspects can also be broken down into several aspects.
"Cinematography" - This aspects can be divided into four different parts which l normally call "AMPS" which makes it easier to remember them all, meaning
* ANGLES - examples (a) high angle (b) low angle (c) eye level
*MOVEMENTS - examples (a) panning (b) tracking (c) cranes
*POSITIONS
*SHOTS - examples (a) long shot (b) birds eye view shot (c) close up shot
"Editing" - This can also be divided into a number of aspects (a) Fast purse editing (b) Special effects (c) Slow purse editing.
"Sound" - Under sound comes (a) diegetic sound (b) non diegetic sound
"Mise-en-scene" - This involves everything infront of the camera that is also in the frame for example
(a) location (b) props (c) costume
"REPRESENTATION" - Representation covers a lot of things and some of them are (a) Age (b) Gender (c) Ethnicity (d) Sexuality (e) Religional Identity (f) Ability / disability (g) Class / Social status
- The representation that is shown in films and other videos is not always true, some of it is "STERIOTYPE" for example after the 2011 Police Riots and Looting, youth from certain areas are now seen as antisocial and gang members, mainly from Packham, Woolwich and some areas of Birmingham and this is not always true because they are many people from such areas that are innocent.
"AUDIENCE" - Audiences are very important in media becuase they are the onces who see the products that will be produced, it might be a movie, music video, news or even dance video. Audiences can also be categorised or split into many parts which are:
- Niche Audience - This is a small group of audince or people with a very unique interest or with the same taste, these are some of the simple definitions. Under "niche audience" there are what are called "DEMOGRAPHICS" and "PSYCHOGRAPHICS" and these also contribute in the differentiation of audience.
(b) "Psychographics" These also categories audience into groups in terms of their shared *taste *attitudes *personality types.
2. Mass Audience - This simply mean a large group of audence or people who watches a certain program, for example a program that have got a mass audience is news.
Still on the audience there are also "AUDIENCE PLEASURES" which are always considered by the production institutes when they are making any program. There are also "USES and GRATIFICATIONS" which were introduced or found by the "BLUMLER and KATZ" in "1974"
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